Screenwriters, actors, authors, and artists are fighting to ensure that human beings are not shunted to the margins of our culture.
Links of the week August 14 2023 (33)
Our new feature links to interesting blogs or articles posted online, which will help keep you up to date with what's going on in the book world:
14 August 2023
Hollywood is caught up in its own science fiction tale. Actors and screenwriters went on strike seeking a fair share of an entertainment economy now slanted toward streaming. But as writers' rooms and movie sets sit dark, another fear lurks: that the industry may be on the cusp of a new metamorphosis, involving artificial intelligence, which could usurp the role of writers and actors altogether. Artists and book authors share similar worries and have filed copyright lawsuits against A.I. platforms, seeking to protect their life's work and livelihoods. These efforts to barricade against the ramifications of A.I. are the early acts of a drama that will affect not just employment prospects for creative professionals but the very shape of our culture, discourse, and dealings with one another.
In the process of brainstorming for the Summer 2023 fairy tale issue, the editors at Orion wondered: what if AI could help us visualize what fairy tales for the climate crisis could actually look like? What does a drought mean to a mermaid? What does a forest fire feel like to a phoenix? We gave the assignment to our intern Kim Schmidt with one very vague description: AI fairy tale art. Kim quickly discovered that generating AI art, especially on free, widely available tools, is not that simple.
AI art is something I never truly considered delving into. But when a curiosity about what AI generated fairy tale images would like took hold at Orion, I started experimenting. I found a free AI generator called StarryAI and began feeding it a few prompts (oddly specific things like, "A mermaid princess trying to dance with fish friends during a major drought," "Princess Belle visiting the Beast locked in a cage at the zoo," and "Witch in scary apple orchard full of poison apples at night"). Almost immediately, a host of problems started popping up, problems that have been well-documented as AI image generation has surged in popularity (and controversy).
TikTok recommendations are driving sales and launching authors' careers as the social media app continues to reshape the industry
The famous Waterstones in London's Piccadilly is a modernist/art deco building. It started life as a menswear store and has the feel of that sort of traditional shop that is fast disappearing. But this bookshop, like many others, is enjoying a very modern sales boost from social media.
Groups of teenage girls regularly gather here to buy new books and meet new friends, both discovered on the social media app TikTok. Recommendations by influencers for authors and novels on BookTok - a community of users who are passionate about books and make videos recommending titles - can send sales into the stratosphere.
But while very much an online phenomenon, BookTok is having a material impact on the high street, with TikTok now pushing people to buy their books from bricks-and-mortar booksellers through a partnership with bookshop.org, which allows people to buy online and support independent bookshops at the same time.
BookTok is beloved as a guerrilla democratizing force, but the platform's pivot risks killing the thing that makes it great
In the past few years since TikTok exploded in North America, its lottery-like influence has touched every part of the book industry. BookTok, the corner of the network dedicated to literary content, has sufficient real-world power that one viral recommendation can pluck a debut author out of anonymity or boost the sales of a years-old backlist title. For readers, the notoriously specific algorithm might serve them something they've never heard of that aligns perfectly with their tastes. For writers brave enough to hawk their own wares, the platform offers a seductive, if capricious, avenue of self-promotion. For publishers, it is both threat and opportunity.
YouTube is the most popular way of discovering books online for young adults, according to Nielsen's latest report on consumers aged 14 to 25-years-old.
The report analysed data collected as part of the annual "Understanding the UK Children's Books Consumer" research project, which was extended to young adults last year. The report examines the book reading and buying habits of young people in the UK, and looked at data from 453 young adults aged 14 to 17, 482 respondents between 18 and 21, and 358 people aged 22 to 25.
It showed YouTube remains dominant for online book discovery, used by 34% of respondents compared to 32% who used TikTok. Instagram lagged behind on 27%. For offline discovery, 41% reported friends being the main way they discover books, followed by physical bookshops on 36%.
However, Nielsen's data found that only 17% of 14 to 25-year-olds read or listened to books, comics or magazines in their day-to-day lives in 2022. This number jumped to 45% on a weekly basis, but reading was still among the least preferred activities for young people, followed only by playing with toys and games.
Writing and publishing are not the same. They are two circles of a Venn diagram that occasionally overlap. And the truth is that even when you intimately know the ins and outs of this business, accepting how it all works is still hard.
I'm a writer who also works in publishing. For my day job, I acquire and develop nonfiction books for a few different HarperCollins imprints. A good chunk of my time is spent reading proposals and evaluating their potential, both commercially and artistically. What kind of books are popular? Does this book add to its genre or is it derivative? Does the outline need to be reworked? How have the author's previous books sold? Acquiring, at its heart, is a balancing act between art and commerce. There are so many factors, and opportunity narrows at each stage: an author must successfully pitch a book to an agent, an agent must successfully pitch the book to an editor, an editor must successfully pitch the book to their publishing team, the publishing team must successfully pitch the book to readers.
In other words, I know how hard it is to sell a book to a publisher. I also know how hard it is for a publisher to make a book a success. Knowing this, though, hasn't necessarily made my work as a writer easier.
Raised by a ‘scary' father and a ‘terrible snob' of a mother, the Tracy Beaker author has always understood the loneliness that marks so many young lives. But at 77, she's never been happier
The intimidating front door could belong to a gothic castle. I half-expect it to be opened by a giant butler called Lurch with a forbidding: "You rang?" Instead Jaqueline Wilson, aged 77 and slight as a pipe cleaner, answers with a smile warm enough to heat her huge home. She leads us into the living room, and before we know it there are drinks, doughnuts and chocolate biscuits in front of us. I'm here with my younger daughter, Maya. There was no way Maya was missing this. She is one of many young people whose lives were transformed by Wilson. Maya was a late reader. Then she discovered Wilson's novels about kids struggling to find their place in the world and was hooked.
That was in the early 00s, around the time Wilson published Sleepovers, one of her most popular novels. Twenty-two years on, she's finally written a follow-up, The Best Sleepover In the World.
The future looks bright for Cassandra Clare as the YA author makes her adult fantasy début.
I first became aware of Cassandra Clare's fantasy oeuvre 10 years ago after devouring Clockwork Angel, the first instalment in her YA Infernal Devices trilogy. She has since written six more series, five of which are set in her renowned Shadowhunter universe. I recall this when we talk over Zoom about her adult fantasy début, Sword Catcher, the culmination of seven years of thought. Clare, usually based in the US, is in rainy Somerset on holiday with family, friends and fellow writers when we speak.
Sword Catcher, a deliciously vivid homage to high fantasy, where machinations and political intrigue abound, feels like a nostalgic return to Robin Hobb's Farseer trilogy with a distinctly modern edge. It is not only Clare's first adult book, but the first time she has constructed an entirely new world, and here the worldbuilding is intricate and utterly compelling. Clare leaves no stone unturned, raising from the pages the towering turrets, history and people of Castellane, a medieval-esque city of extreme hedonism and poverty.
Just after 4p.m. on Monday afternoon in New York, Simon & Schuster c.e.o. Jonathan Karp announced in a letter to his staff that the company's owner, Paramount Global, had agreed to sell S&S to KKR (Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Co), one of the world's largest investment firms. Ever since the Bertelsmann-Penguin Random House deal to purchase S&S from Paramount collapsed last fall after the US Department of Justice successfully sued to stop it on anti-trust grounds, KKR had been widely mooted as front-runner among prospective buyers. "There were a lot of them," Karp emphasised in his letter, although S&S did not specify names or provide a number.
Certainly, HarperCollins was chasing the deal, as it had first time around, although later scoffing at the $2.18bn Bertelsmann was prepared to pay. This time the price-tag was cheaper: KKR is handing over $1.62bn all-cash. (The $200m termination fee Bertelsmann was obliged to pay bumps the money up a bit further.) It made sense that Paramount would go for a private equity buyer rather than a publisher: the sale wouldn' involve that same kind of anti-trust scrutiny. And lest we forget, KKR had been interested in buying S&S from the beginning, along with Bertelsmann, Harper et al. Richard Sarnoff, the chairman of media at KKR, about whom Karp spoke admiringly in his letter, has generally been credited with leading the charge. Sarnoff is a publishing insider: in a previous life, he was executive vice-president and c.f.o. at Random House, at a time when Karp himself was an editorial high-flyer there.
In a move that some in the industry will welcome as putting at least a temporary stop to industry consolidation, the private investment firm KKR has reached an agreement with Paramount Global to acquire Simon & Schuster for $1.62 billion in an all cash transaction.
Though below the $2.175 billion that Penguin Random House had previously agreed to pay for the country's third largest trade publisher, $1.62 billion is a healthy price since most trade publishers sell for not much better than 1.5 times sales, and S&S's 2022 revenue was $1.18 billion.
"We are very happy with this deal," Paramount CEO Bob Bakish said during an August 7 earnings call. "As we've discussed before, Simon & Schuster is a fantastic asset. But from a strategic perspective, it's not core to our mission of creating and monetizing world class video entertainment. And we think we found a very good home for S&S with KKR. Importantly, this transaction checks all the boxes from a financial perspective."
It's now been more than four months since a federal judge found the Internet Archive liable for copyright infringement for its program to scan and lend library books. But after a court order late last week, the parties finally appear headed toward the judgment phase of the litigation.
In their last request for an extension the parties reported they were "very close" to "finalizing the terms of a consent judgment, subject to appeal" and said they expected to be able to submit the proposal "in a week or so."
In his emphatic March 24 opinion, Koeltl found the Internet Archive infringed the copyrights of four plaintiff publishers by scanning and lending their books under a legally contested practice known as CDL (controlled digital lending). "At bottom, IA's fair use defense rests on the notion that lawfully acquiring a copyrighted print book entitles the recipient to make an unauthorized copy and distribute it in place of the print book, so long as it does not simultaneously lend the print book," Koeltl held in his decision. "But no case or legal principle supports that notion. Every authority points the other direction."
Years ago, I found myself on a luxury cruise from Tahiti to LA. I was backpacking across the South Pacific en route to the US and a last-minute ticket for a cabin happened to be cheaper than flying. Midway through the voyage, I was sitting in the ship library when a well-heeled American couple walked in. The woman asked me where the steak restaurant was. I apologised and said I didn't know. She asked what time it opened. Again, I said I didn't know. She asked what other restaurants were on this floor. When I said I didn't know, she studied me for a second and asked, "Are you a volunteer?"
"No. I'm a passenger," I told her. She was mortified because it was clear to us both that she had assumed that I - a young brown woman - was a member of staff.
There were echoes of her faux pas at a crime writing festival that I attended as a panellist in 2021. On arriving, I asked a member of the festival team to point me towards the authors' green room. She studied me for a second and asked, "Are you a volunteer?"
For a writer who had spent years trying to get past the gatekeepers, this didn't exactly feel great. I did, however, understand to a certain extent. When you don't look like other people in a certain space, it's easy to assume that you dont belong there.
In April, Sarah Ziegel was announced as the winner of the memoir/autobiography category at the Selfies Awards. Ziegel is the mother of four autistic boys, and Marching to a Different Beat tells the story of their family, and how, with a great deal of support, she changed her children's futures.
I had an agent for my book pre pandemic but while editors really enjoyed it, it seemed they struggled to get their sales teams to take on what they perceived as an 'autism book'. Post-pandemic, I decided to update the book, adding four more years and rewriting it. I realised that I wanted ownership of my own writing and didn't want any major changes to the way I had written it. Being able to choose my own title and cover design was also important to me, as with my first book I had no say in those.
'What strikes me after almost 25 years in the industry is that publishing and bookselling still attract enthusiastic, occasionally eccentric people who love and understand books'
You published your first book, mystery novel Every Dead Thing, in 1999. How do you think publishing has changed since then?
Well, obviously it's contracted, at least as far as the larger publishers are concerned. I can recall Every Dead Thing attracting interest from four different publishers when it came down to the final auction. Three of those publishers are now under the Hachette roof, including Hodder & Stoughton, with whom I've remained since my debut. EbooksDigital bookstore selling wide range of ebooks in 50 categories from Hildegard of Bingen to How to Write a Dirty Story and showing how the range of ebooks available is growing. http://www.ebooks.com/ weren't an issue in 1999, Amazon wasn%u2019t the force it is now, and self-publishing tended to be the last refuge of the desperate rather than a community in and of itself. It seemed like a less complicated time, but it probably wasn't.
Similarly, on the trade side, we had Borders, Blackwell's, Dillons and more, alongside Waterstones, but now it's largely come down to Waterstones - which endures, thankfully - and the independents. There was a period when I was very fearful for the trade, at least when it came to brick-and-mortar bookshops and physical books, but we seem to have come through that.
The middle grade years are often called the golden age of reading, a time when kids connect fiercely with characters and stories. Some of the all-time bestsellers in children's literature (think Harry Potter and Diary of a Wimpy Kid) are middle grade books. But while there have been a number of surprising breakout YA hits in the past several quarters, overall, the middle grade category has fallen behind. According to Circana BookScan, 2022 ended with year-over-year middle grade sales down 16% overall and 19% in hardcover. This year has seen overall middle grade sales down 8% year over year, while hardcover sales in the category are down 7% for a total $18.8 million decline.
Frontlist has been of particular concern to publishers, editors, and agents, accounting for more than half of the decrease in sales. In the 12 months ending March 2023, 33% of the top 200 middle grade titles were frontlist, while 67% were backlist. The frontlist is dominated by familiar names such as Max Brallier, Jeff Kinney, Dav Pilkey, J.K. Rowling, and Raina Telgemeier, and those names hold sway over much of the backlist, too. We surveyed industry professionals to get their thoughts on the factors affecting middle grade success and what they see ahead.